Rubber Boot Manufacture and Memorial Sculpture

Rubber boot sculptureWhile almost all the books and documents and literature about World War I concentrate on battles and soldiers, there had to be immense support in areas of life that we don’t ordinarily consider. Once the war turned from mobile to entrenched, the new conditions called for items that had not been needed before. Because the trenches became places where rain water collected (this part of France being especially rainy and swampy) leather boots were no longer practical. Trench foot (taking its name from where the disease flourished) meant that the soldiers’ feet needed to be protected by keeping water out. Hence,

Boot sculpture honours rubber factory’s war heroes

Artists Svetlana Kondakova and Maja Quille’s work is titled ‘Imprint’

A new sculpture has been unveiled to commemorate an Edinburgh factory which saved thousands of soldiers from trench foot during World War One. The North British Rubber Company, which stood for decades beside the Union Canal in Fountainbridge, made rubber boots for the British Army from 1914.

The soldiers called these “gum boots” since they were made of rubber. They were an object of joking. See references to them in the Wipers Times, a clandestine satirical newspaper British soldiers printed in the trenches. Wipers is the British way of saying Ypres.

Naturally, the need for many articles called for factories (canvas, rope, rifle stocks, medicines, and many more) to produce products in massive quantities, quantities never before needed. More of these later.

 

 

A Military Hospital in an Underground Quarry

The table and chair were found just where they are here.
This quarry had been used long ago. Very likely the stone became part of a church.

In an earlier log about the new novel about the Battle of Bellicourt Tunnel I wrote that a good part would be about the soldiers’ lives and activities under the ground. I have collected a supply of pictures such installations to feed my imagination. Recently I found photographs of a hospital in an underground quarry in France that each army–French, German, and British–used as each held the area.

Interior of the hospital in a quarry in France.
Interior of the hospital in a quarry in France.

 

In the novel the underworld will represent the Underworld. A place of vermin, demons, and sinners—in this case the Germans. The novel will follow Dante’s schema in the Divine Comedy—the Inferno, Limbo, and Paradiso.

The table and chair were found just where they are here.
The table and chair were found just where they are here.

Wexford Born Soldier was Angel of Mons Hero in the Great War

The Angel of Mons is a legend, not a fact. Consequently, there is no version that can

Angel of Mons Sergeant Thomas Fitzpatrick
Angel of Mons Sergeant Thomas Fitzpatrick

be factually accurate. The facts about the legend, however, are well known. They begin with the publication of Arthur Machen’s short story, “The Bowmen” in The Evening Standard on September 29, 1914, over a month after the Battle of Mons. This is only one of several versions. Sergeant Thomas Fitzpatrick, who is written about in this article, is also a character in my novel, The Angel of Mons: A World War I Legend. He appears in Chapter Eleven entitled: “The Quarry, St. George, and the Angels of the Golden Mist.”

In 2008, when Sarah Barker and I were taken to visit sites related to the battle by a local historian, expert in the Battle of Mons, and the Deputy Director of the Mons Tourism Bureau. We were taken to an old path into a forest. To our surprise, the historian said that along that path on the night of August 23 Sergeant Fitzgerald and his fifty soldiers, including the Company band, were guided to safety by the Angel of Mons.

A recent article in the British publication Wexford People.ie writes his story under the headline “Wexford Born Soldier was Angel of Mons Hero in the Great War.” Read the story and read the chapter. If you don’t own the book you can 1) buy one on Amazon or 2) thought Singing Bone Press, 3) or ask your library to buy it, 4) or request it on interlibrary loan. 5) Or you can request a copy of the chapter from me. I will be glad to send it to you as a .pdf file. Find out more.

A Newspaper Report from 1914 — The Angel of Mons

Yet another image of Angels protecting the British Army

Angels fighting with us against the Huns at Mons

Of course God was on our side in the Great War and an early proof of this came in August 1914 at the Battle of Mons when, it was reliably reported, He sent His angels to repulse the Huns as they seemed about to overrun the British. One hundred years ago this week London’s New Statesman reported that belief in the Mons miracle was growing.

“The announcement by Dr. Reverend Horton [a popular and influential Manchester preacher and occultist] of his belief in the story of the angels who appeared on the side of the British at the battle of Mons and stuck terror into the Germans, and even into their horses, has created a great deal of interest.

“Whatever its origin, it is now going the rounds of the parish magazines, and is likely to take a permanent place among the legends, true and false, of the war.

“This belief in the active interference of divine and semi-divine beings in the conflicts of men is as old as the memory of the race. The most interesting vision of angels ever seen was that of a French girl-soldier. Poor Joan of Arc saved her country and lost her life owing to the vision of an angel.

“Her story is at least as incredible as the story of the angels at Mons, and yet how many of us in our hearts disbelieve it? Angels … are too vital in the grave procession of history to be dismissed with a lofty omniscience of unbelief.”

The Answer to My Question

A Russian magazine: The German Kaiser as a devil.
A Russian magazine: The German Kaiser as a devil.

A couple of weeks ago I asked if anyone could translate the text of this political cartoon magazine cover criticizing Kaiser Wilhelm II. I know Eve Ross as a poet and law librarian. But I didn’t know that she knows Russian. She translated the words. Here is what they mean:

The word at the top means “warlock.” Based on the root words in Russian, it literally means a guy with a black book (a black magic spell book).

On the outside of the book, on the edges of the pages, it says “black book.”

On the inside of the book, what the Kaiser is reading says “announce wars in all Europe.”

 

An illustration: a French private aids his captain

The thoroughly modernistic illustration uses straight lines to show the shell and shrapnel fragments flying in all directions.

A thoroughly modernistic French illustration: A private helps his captain
A thoroughly modernistic French illustration: A private helps his captain

Bombs themselves are yellow circles. Such a modern rendition is uncharacteristic of the styles of illustration we expect for that time in history. Artists always surprise us. The message of the piece is the fraternal connection between the ranks in war.

What do you take the green to be?

Propaganda through magazine covers

The warring nations used every medium and method to encourage a hatred of

A Russian magazine: The German Kaiser as a devil.
A Russian magazine: The German Kaiser as a devil.

the enemy. For the Germans, it was everyone they fought against. For the Russians, Germany, personified by the Kaiser, was the devil incarnate. Here he appears, planning his cunning, malevolent actions against the rest of the world.

If anyone who reads this can translate the words, I would appreciate seeing the translation. I will happily share it with you in a future blog. Next week, another magazine cover and commentary.

A German View of the British Empire

As I continue my journey through a second World War I novel–working title: A German Map: The British Empire, Scavanger of the WorldBreaking the Hindenburg Line: The Thirtieth Division’s Triumph–I discover interesting “roadside attractions.” Over the next three weeks I will present “maps” of Europe that convey political views, each one characteristic of the country in which it was produced. The illustrations for magazine and newspaper covers and contents graphic represented easily accepted ideas and strongly felt emotions. We can tell that the pictures confirm and reinforce the nation’s readers’ view. These three examples of such propaganda make their messages clear, even when we do not understand the language.

Please send me a translation of the caption.

I would love to see your comments about the maps.

 

One of the Pleasures of Writing II

One thing about the projects that is about subjects that are limited in scope s that people who are expert in the topic enjoy sharing what we know with other experts. Several weeks ago I wrote about Mitch Yockelson of the National Archives in Maryland. There is another expert in the actions of the federalized Thirtieth Division, Old Hickory, and the 118th Regiment, soldiers from South Carolina.

He is Jim Legg, military archaeologist, University of South Carolina. About a year ago we talked about the Battle of Bellicourt Tunnel and exchanged e-mail addresses. Then, by chance and good fortune, I was finishing a presentation at the South Carolina Civil War Relics Room and Military Museum while Jim was installing an exhibit of some of his World War I trench maps. A week later Jim took me on a tour of the maps, from which I learned a lot about World War I military cartography and cartographers.

Since then we’ve met twice. After the first Jim lent me a ledger box filled with Thirtieth Division files (one box of three) for me to use. The second visit he lent me a rare and greatly treasured 243 page The Thirtieth Division in World War I (1936.) The book is filled with wonderful photographs, maps, drawings, and text. In return, I have told him of discoveries I am making. It is likely that I will use Jim’s artillery bombardment map for the battle of Bellicourt Tunnel for the Thirtieth Division as a cover for my novel, The Battle of Bellicourt Tunnel.

Combat du Doudou

Combat du lumecon doudou ducasse; This past April a new museum celebrating and recording the history of the ceremony opened in Mons. Sometime in 2016 I will go to Mons to give a lecture at the Mons Memorial Museum on The Angel of Mons. I plan to visit the new Doudou museum when I return to Mons. There is also a home that Van Gogh lived in just outside of Mons that has been restored and is now also a museum. I will visit there also. As is the case with a city we become familiar with, there is always more to see, more people to visit. Ah, the world.

The Doudou version of the dragon who St. George defeats.